Analisis Spasial Distribusi Kasus Malaria Berdasarkan Lokasi Puskesmas dan Profil Pasien di Kota Jayapura Tahun 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.1935Kata Kunci:
Kota Jayapura, Malaria, Plasmodium Falciparu, Plasmodium Vivax, PuskesmasAbstrak
Malaria masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Kota Jayapura dengan tingkat endemisitas tinggi dan variasi kasus antar-Puskesmas yang belum terpetakan secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan distribusi kasus malaria berdasarkan puskesmas, jenis kelamin, dan kelompok usia di Kota Jayapura tahun 2024. ini untuk mengeksplorasi kasus malaria berdasrkan asal Puskesmas, jenis kelamin dan usia penderita malaria di Kota Jayapura. Data penelitian diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua periode 2020 sampai 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif berbasis data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan Papua periode 2020–2024 yang dianalisis secara spasial dan demografis. Hasil penelitian mencatat 13 puskesmas di wilayah Kota Jayapura sebagai lokasi kasus malaria tahun 2024. Kasus tertinggi ditemukan di Puskesmas Koya Barat dengan 2.977 kasus, sedangkan terendah di Puskesmas Jayapura Utara sebanyak 656 kasus. Secara umum, penderita malaria didominasi oleh laki-laki (±60–65%). Berdasarkan kelompok usia, kasus terbanyak terjadi pada usia 5–14 tahun, terutama di Puskesmas Koya Barat (679 kasus) dan Yoka (511 kasus). Kelompok usia 15–64 tahun juga tinggi di Yoka (2.024 kasus) dan Koya Barat (2.020 kasus), sementara kelompok 0–4 tahun menunjukkan jumlah kasus jauh lebih rendah. Jenis infeksi Plasmodium falciparum merupakan yang paling dominan, mencapai 68,2% di Puskesmas Yoka dan 55,6% di Koya Barat. Spesies P. vivax ditemukan sebesar 31,8% dan 44,4% pada kedua wilayah tersebut. Kasus tertinggi ditemukan di Puskesmas Koya Barat (2.977 kasus)” dan “infeksi dominan Plasmodium falciparum mencapai 68,2%”.Secara keseluruhan, Puskesmas Koya Barat dan Yoka merupakan daerah dengan beban malaria tertinggi di Kota Jayapura tahun 2024, terutama pada kelompok usia anak dan remaja dengan dominasi infeksi P. falciparum. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar empiris untuk perencanaan intervensi eliminasi malaria berbasis wilayah dan karakteristik demografi pasien di tingkat layanan primer. Selain itu, hasil penelitian Hasil penelitian ini penting sebagai dasar penyusunan kebijakan eliminasi malaria berbasis wilayah di Papua.
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