Integrasi Filler Berbasis Limbah Pertanian terhadap Sifat Material Bioplastik Polylactic Acid (PLA): Tinjauan Literatur Terstruktur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.1532Kata Kunci:
Bioplastik, Filler, Limbah Pertanian, Polylactic Acid (PLA)Abstrak
Krisis lingkungan akibat akumulasi plastik berbasis minyak bumi mendorong pengembangan material alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Polylactic Acid (PLA), sebagai bioplastik biodegradable dari sumber terbarukan, menjanjikan solusi pengganti plastik konvensional, namun sifatnya yang rapuh dan produksinya yang mahal membatasi penggunaannya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan filler berbasis limbah pertanian terhadap peningkatan sifat fisik dan mekanik PLA. Studi ini merupakan tinjauan literatur terstruktur dengan menganalisis 32 artikel ilmiah dari 2017–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa filler dari limbah seperti sekam padi (5% berat) dapat meningkatkan tensile strength hingga 55%, yield stress sebesar 88%, dan menurunkan laju transmisi oksigen (OTR) hingga 52%. Kulit delima (15% berat) memperkuat komposit dengan peningkatan modulus tarik sebesar 42% dan impact strength sebesar 41%. Biochar dari biomassa karbonisasi juga meningkatkan kekakuan dan stabilitas termal hingga suhu degradasi awal naik 15–18°C. Sebaliknya, filler dari tapioka dan cangkang telur menunjukkan penurunan kekuatan mekanik pada konsentrasi tinggi (>20–30%). Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian sebagai filler dalam PLA berpotensi meningkatkan performa material sekaligus mendukung ekonomi sirkular. Namun, keberhasilannya sangat tergantung pada jenis filler, komposisi, dan kesesuaian interaksi antarfasa. Kajian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi komposit.
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